GRAAHI Editorial

Shadows of the Bottle: Understanding the Impacts of Alcohol on SCD Individuals.

July 19, 2024 by GRAAHI Editorial

Living with sickle cell disease (SCD) presents numerous challenges that affect individuals not only physically but also psychologically. The unpredictable nature of pain crises, the constant requirement for symptom management, and the emotional toll of chronic illness collectively contribute to heightened levels of stress, anxiety, and depression in those with SCD. To cope with these mental health challenges, individuals with SCD may turn to alcohol as a form of self-medication, seeking relief from persistent physical discomfort, frequent hospitalizations, limitations in daily activities, and the uncertainty surrounding the future associated with SCD. The potential for complications and the profound impact on overall quality of life further intensify psychological distress. Consequently, some individuals grapple with the emotional toll of SCD, and the appeal of alcohol arises as a perceived means to navigate and alleviate the burdens imposed by the condition (Bruton, 2016).

The American Psychological Association (APA) underscores the significance of moderate alcohol use, defining it as no more than two drinks daily for men and one for women and older individuals. While generally considered harmless for most adults, this seemingly moderate approach signals the initiation of a continuum stretching from alcohol abuse to alcohol dependence. Such a progression can have a profound impact, especially for individuals confronting the distinctive challenges of sickle cell disease. Navigating this challenge, individuals contending with alcoholism or alcohol dependence experience growing difficulty in controlling their consumption. They grapple with the challenge of halting the process once initiated, and this dependency leads to increased tolerance, demanding higher quantities for the same desired effect (Alao et al., 2003; Levenson et al., 2007).

Approximately 30% of people with sickle cell disease grapple with symptoms of depression (Bruton, 2016; Levenson et al., 2008). Alcohol is a depressant that can worsen depression in the long run. It increases depression symptoms, causes mood swings, disrupts sleep, reduces the quality of sleep, interferes with many medications, especially antidepressants, increases risk-taking behaviors, and can diminish physical health. Initially, it may lead to feelings of relaxation and temporary increases in confidence, but these are swiftly followed by negative emotions such as anger, depression, and anxiety due to their impact on the inhibition control center.

This disruption hampers cognitive processes, impeding the genuine interpretation of feelings and the evaluation of potential consequences. This impact is more pronounced in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Additionally, sustained alcohol use in the Sickle Cell population may have long-term effects, depleting neurotransmitter levels crucial for combating anxiety and depression. This depletion can foster a heightened desire for alcohol consumption, initiating a cycle of dependence that can amplify the vulnerability to impulsive behaviors, often leading to suicide and death (Valenzuela, M.D., Ph.D., Year; American Addiction Centers, 2024) Alcohol’s capacity to diminish inhibitions and enhance impulsivity may lead individuals to engage in actions such as self-harm or suicide. ((Larkin et al., 2017; Pennel et al., 2015; Haw, C. et al., 2005; Alcohol and Mental Health, n.d).

The intricate relationship between sickle cell disease (SCD) and mental health, particularly alcohol abuse, underscores the interconnected nature of physical and mental well-being within the SCD population. According to Levenson et al. (2008), 31.4% of adults with SCD are identified as alcohol abusers, indicating a relatively high prevalence of alcohol misuse compared to the national average of 48.7% (SAMHSA, 2023). Simultaneously, SCD is associated with a notable prevalence of depression, ranging from 18% to as high as 44%, surpassing rates observed in the general population (Levenson, 2008). Emphasizing this connection further, among those with anxiety (7%) within the SCD population, a striking 83% also suffer from depression, contributing to an overall depression prevalence of 28%.

While individuals with sickle cell disease confront the dual challenge of managing both physical pain and emotional distress, resorting to alcohol as a coping mechanism is problematic. The short-lived relief and subsequent rebound effect can contribute to a cycle of dependency, worsening pre-existing mental health conditions such as depression (American Psychological Association, 2012), which are already heightened due to the chronic nature of the disease. Additionally, alcohol can induce further challenges, including memory loss and increased anxiety, ultimately complicating the emotional well-being of these individuals.

As previously mentioned, alcohol negatively affects sleep in a population that already experiences disruptions due to pain and discomfort (Stein, M.D. & Friedmann, P.D., 2008; Vitiello, M. V., 2006). Furthermore, a significant 44% of this population suffers from sleep-disordered breathing (Sharma et al., 2015). Although alcohol may initially induce sedation, its interference with sleep patterns can exacerbate fatigue, irritability, and difficulties in managing both the physical and emotional aspects of the disease. This impact on sleep can also extend to cognitive function, impairing memory, and concentration. Those already facing cognitive challenges due to sickle cell disease (SCD) may experience further disruption from alcohol use. Additionally, with 57% of this population reporting complaints of insomnia, their struggles are intensified. This compounded impact can potentially lead to feelings of frustration and helplessness (Mann-Jiles et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2015).

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) face a heightened risk of 30-day readmissions, with the median hospital stay typically being 5 days on average (Bruton, 2016; Silverstein et al., 2020). This heightened readmission risk exposes SCD patients to a series of acute care interventions during hospital stays, including repeated blood draws, x-rays, blood transfusions, and inadequately treated pain. These unpleasant experiences, coupled with inconsistent and unfriendly interactions within the healthcare system, contribute to a cycle of heightened stress and depression (Pecker & Darbari, 2019). Furthermore, the financial ramifications of recurrent hospitalizations add to the overall burden on individuals grappling with sickle cell disease, further worsening the situation. In fact, among the SCD outpatient population, a mental health diagnosis is linked to a higher median cost of care. This suggests that SCD patients with documented mental health conditions typically face increased expenses for outpatient care (Bruton, 2016).

The social consequences of alcohol use not only heighten the psychological burden for individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) but also significantly impact their family members. This is underscored by the understanding that alcohol problems don’t just hurt the drinker (APA, n.d). In individuals with SCD, alcohol-related behaviors can strain familial relationships, lead to social isolation, and impair decision-making abilities. This not only deepens the emotional toll on the individuals themselves but also on their caregivers, who may feel overwhelmed by witnessing the challenges posed by alcohol use. As a result, the mental health struggles of both parties are exacerbated, creating a challenging cycle that is difficult to break.

Addressing the psychological implications of alcohol use in patients with sickle cell disease is a critical component of comprehensive care for those living with this chronic condition. Recognizing the motivations behind alcohol consumption and understanding its impact on both physical and mental health are essential for implementing effective intervention strategies. These strategies are fundamental in laying the groundwork that will help in improving the overall well-being of individuals affected by SCD. By acknowledging and addressing this complex relationship, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders can contribute to a more holistic and patient-centered approach to managing sickle cell disease.

Finding Solace in the Bottle: What Drives SCD Individuals Alcohol?

July 19, 2024 by GRAAHI Editorial

Individuals living with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) most often endure not only excruciating pain but also a multitude of emotional and physical challenges (Elendu et al., 2023; CDC). The unpredictable nature of the disease, along with its significant emotional and physical toll, drives those affected to seek out various coping mechanisms, with alcohol consumption often emerging as a notable choice. Despite the life-threatening nature of SCD, a substantial number of individuals with this condition engage in alcohol consumption, with approximately 32% of SCD patients turning to drink (Levenson et al., 2009). The perplexing question that arises is: What motivates these individuals to resort to alcohol despite the evident risks associated with such a choice?

The persistent chronic pain associated with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) serves as a primary catalyst for alcohol consumption among those affected. Sickle cell crises, characterized by intense and recurring pain episodes, pose a substantial challenge in identifying effective pain management strategies beyond prescribed medications. In such circumstances, alcohol, recognized for its analgesic properties, becomes an appealing option for individuals seeking relief from enduring discomfort (Thompson et al., 2017; Neddenriep et al., 2019). However, the unintended consequence emerges when individuals, in their attempt to alleviate pain through alcohol’s analgesic properties, may find themselves inadvertently entangled in a cycle of dependence. The initial pursuit of comfort through alcohol’s short-term relief can lead to a dependency that proves challenging to break free from. Over the long term or with chronic use, alcohol may have adverse consequences, potentially exacerbating the progression of chronic pain (Neddenriep et al., 2019; Woodrow & Eltherington, 1988; James et al., 1978; Blanton et al., 2019).

Living with sickle cell disease (SCD) exerts a significant emotional toll, and its profound impact should not be overlooked. The unpredictability of the disease, coupled with its physical challenges, can evoke feelings of isolation, anxiety, and despair. Psychological complications linked to SCD may manifest in various ways, including inappropriate pain coping strategies, diminished quality of life due to restrictions in daily functioning, and experiences of anxiety, depression, and neurocognitive impairment (Anie, K. A. 2005). The enduring presence of pain can further amplify this emotional burden, fostering a sense of hopelessness and helplessness, and potentially contributing to the onset of depressive symptoms (Al-Dewik & Ghebremeskel, 2014). Faced with these challenges, some individuals may turn to alcohol as both a coping mechanism and a temporary means of escaping the emotional burdens imposed by SCD.

Managing chronic pain in individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) involves a reliance on high-dose opioids, increasing the risk of opioid dependency. The challenges in addressing persistent pain are compounded by the potential for opioid abuse, prompting certain SCD patients to seek alternative coping mechanisms. Racial bias within healthcare further complicates this pursuit, where care providers may perceive SCD individuals as challenging or unfairly label them as pretentious patients (Bergman & Diamond, 2013). This misinterpretation, coupled with possible restrictions on opioid prescriptions, leads to inadequate pain relief. The confluence of these challenges, along with the complexities of frequent hospital visits and unpredictable pain crises, further heightens the risk of social isolation for individuals with SCD, worsening feelings of depression (Edwards et al., 2008). Faced with this intricate web of difficulties, some individuals with SCD may turn to alcohol as an alternative coping strategy to seek relief from the chronic pain they endure amid limited pain management options and racial bias within the healthcare system.

The stigma surrounding chronic illnesses, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), can be isolating and emotionally burdensome. Stigma and discrimination further compound the struggles of those with SCA. Individuals may encounter discrimination or stigmatization based on misunderstandings about the condition, resulting in diminished self-esteem and the onset of depressive symptoms (Treadwell, Telfair, & Gibson, 2008). Grappling with societal misconceptions and a lack of understanding about their condition, some individuals may resort to alcohol as a coping mechanism, seeking a perceived sanctuary from these challenges. Considering these difficulties, there is a pressing need for increased awareness and sensitization about SCD in society. Education and understanding can help dispel misconceptions, reduce stigma, and create a more supportive environment for individuals with SCD. Additionally, family members play a crucial role in providing support and understanding, emphasizing the importance of rallying familial support networks to better assist those affected by SCD in navigating the challenges they face.

Access to comprehensive healthcare is crucial for effectively managing Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Unfortunately, economic hardships often create barriers for many individuals with SCD to obtain the necessary medical resources. Financial constraints, coupled with inadequate health insurance, make it challenging for these individuals to maintain consistent income—a struggle further intensified by the difficulties of securing stable employment due to the demands of their condition. This is especially apparent given that statistics reveal approximately 70% of individuals of working age with Sickle Cell Disease are not engaged in employment, indicating a profound adverse effect on their job prospects. As a result, there is a high social cost represented by a very low monthly per capita income in 93.7% of these individuals (Pires et al., 2022). Moreover, it is estimated that patients with SCD lose around $700,000 over their lifetime because of their inability to work (Inserro, 2022). In real-life terms, the economic impact of SCD is substantial, with estimated costs reaching $1.6 million to $1.7 million throughout individuals’ non-elderly lives (0-64 years. For females with SCD, out-of-pocket (OOP) costs are estimated at $42,395, while for males, the corresponding estimate is $45,091. Compared to individuals without SCD, this represents a staggering 907% increase in total medical costs and a 285% increase in OOP costs. While this is based on the commercially insured population, it emphasizes the significant financial burden of SCD (Johnson et al., 2023)

The convergence of economic challenges, lack of insurance, and unemployment compounds the struggle for most individuals with SCD, potentially driving them to resort to alcohol as a means of self-medication. This coping strategy may be particularly prevalent among those lacking insurance and grappling with unemployment, introducing an additional layer of complexity to the myriad challenges faced by these individuals in managing both the physical and emotional aspects of SCD.

In summary, the complex interplay of factors surrounding Sickle Cell Disease, including the reliance on opioids, racial bias, societal stigma, economic hardships, and the allure of alcohol as a coping strategy, underscores the need for an all-rounded approach. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive strategy that includes improving healthcare access, providing economic support, and combatting societal stigma. Educating healthcare providers to ensure unbiased care, exploring alternative pain management, and offering essential mental health support are crucial elements. Additionally, enhancing easier access to employment opportunities and advocating for insurance reforms contribute to a supportive environment. This comprehensive strategy aims to improve the overall quality of life for individuals navigating the complexities of SCD.

Beyond the Glass: Understanding the Effects of Alcohol on Sickle Cell Individuals.

July 19, 2024 by GRAAHI Editorial

An evening with friends sharing a round of drinks after a hectic week sounds like a delightful way for many worldwide to unwind. However, have you ever wondered why a pounding headache ensues the next morning after these night-outs? Well, alcohol is a diuretic, which means it exacerbates urine production in your body, leading to excessive loss of water and other fluids (Hobson, R. M., & Maughan, R. J., 2010; Polhuis et al., 2017). Central to this physiological process is the Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), which is crucial in controlling the body’s water retention. Unfortunately, alcohol suppresses the secretion of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) from the brain, which is crucial for regulating the body’s water loss. As a result, the body’s ability to control the volume of water excreted in urine is compromised. Typically, when the brain senses dehydration in your body, it promptly releases ADH. This hormone then initiates a chain reaction, preventing your kidneys from losing water through urine. Importantly, when the body senses dehydration, the brain normally releases Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) to prevent excessive water loss through urine by acting on the kidneys. However, the presence of alcohol in the blood suppresses ADH release, leading to increased urination and subsequent dehydration. This dehydration is a key factor behind the characteristic symptoms of a hangover, including severe headaches. The implications of this process are especially concerning for individuals with serious conditions such as SCD, where maintaining hydration is crucial.

Sickle Cell Disease significantly impacts African Americans, with approximately one in every 365 Black Americans in the United States affected by this condition (Brousseau et al., 2009; CDC). While African Americans generally start drinking alcohol at a later age and consume it less frequently and in smaller quantities than white Americans across most age groups, they face higher rates of alcohol-related problems (Zapolski et al., 2014; Mulia et al., 2009). This juxtaposition highlights a concerning health risk for African Americans living with SCD. Given the complications associated with SCD and the elevated risks of alcohol-related issues in this population, the consequences of alcohol use among African Americans with SCD could be particularly detrimental.

Approximately 32% of adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) are identified as alcohol abusers, indicating a relatively high prevalence of alcohol misuse within this population. This significant statistic underscores the critical importance of gaining a thorough understanding of alcohol-related issues among individuals with SCD. Moreover, it highlights the need for targeted interventions and supportive strategies to effectively tackle this prevalent concern (Levenson et al., 2010; Alao et al., 2003).

To manage chronic pain, individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) often find themselves compelled to rely on daily high-dose opioids, presenting a complex challenge for caregivers. The crucial task is to strike a delicate balance between ensuring safety and effectively addressing the pain concerns of these individuals, making the management of pain paramount. Furthermore, the persistent risk of opioid dependency adds complexity to the situation, creating potential avenues for substance abuse (Levenson et al., 2010; Alao et al., 2003). Adding to this complexity is the impact of racial bias, which may lead to the misinterpretation of behavioral pain symptoms exhibited by those with SCD. This bias can result in caregivers, including doctors, unintentionally categorizing these individuals as difficult patients and underdosing their medication, thereby pushing them towards alcohol to cope with pain (Haywood Jr. et al., 2014; Wakefield et al., 2017). Such scenarios underscore the importance of a balanced understanding of the approach to pain management for individuals with SCD. It emphasizes the need for strategies that transcend biases to ensure effective care is provided (Hood et al., 2020; Bergman & Diamond, 2013).

Adults with Sickle Cell Disease face a higher likelihood of experiencing alcohol use disorders compared to those without SCD (Jonassaint et al., 2023; Bruton et al., 2015). The risk is notably higher in females, who are four times more susceptible, compared to males who face a risk two-and-a-half times greater (Bruton et al., 2015). This emphasizes the importance of addressing alcohol-related concerns in adults dealing with Sickle Cell Disease and underscores the necessity for tailored interventions and support to help these individuals navigate these challenges.

Alcohol adversely affects the absorption of essential nutrients, including iron and vitamin B12, which are vital for red blood cell synthesis (Nevenansky, 2023, Urban Recovery Blog). This issue is particularly concerning for individuals with sickle cell disease, as their red blood cell functionality is already compromised. Furthermore, alcohol can damage the bone marrow—the site of red blood cell production—intensifying the difficulties for those with SCD. Excessive consumption of alcohol may also lead to complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and liver damage, thereby heightening the vulnerability of these individuals to a range of health problems (Bruton et al., 2015).

Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD may resort to alcohol as a coping mechanism during stressful events, seeking an escape or a means to regulate challenging emotions (Levenson et al., 2010; Alao et al., 2003; Ballas, 2017; Howard et al., 2005). The recurring cycles of chronic pain and frequent hospitalizations associated with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) significantly affect the mental and emotional well-being of individuals, prompting some to resort to alcohol as a form of self-medication. It’s crucial to recognize that excessive alcohol consumption can exacerbate the health complications linked to SCD, potentially heightening both physical and mental health issues. This emphasizes the importance of increasing awareness about potential risks and encouraging SCD patients to adopt healthier coping strategies.

The complex interaction between alcohol and medications, particularly opioids used for managing sickle cell disease (SCD), presents a significant clinical concern. Despite clear warnings from medication manufacturers and healthcare professionals about the potential risks of combining these medicines with alcohol, evidence suggests that heavy drinkers may not heed these warnings (Booker et al., 2003). Such non-compliance is a serious risk for individuals with SCD, especially those prescribed opioids for pain management. Notably, some individuals with SCD might use alcohol as a coping mechanism to make up for what they perceive as an inadequate medication dosage. Therefore, the concurrent use of alcohol and opioids may lead to dire health consequences. This situation underscores the crucial role of caregivers and stakeholders in advising and educating individuals with SCD about the dangers of simultaneous alcohol and opioid consumption.

In summary, the intricate relationship between sickle cell disease (SCD) and alcohol consumption presents a nuanced interaction that involves both physiological impacts and the use of alcohol as a coping mechanism in response to chronic pain and emotional distress. This highlights the need for a comprehensive healthcare approach for individuals with SCD, who may, unfortunately, resort to alcohol to manage the debilitating effects of their condition. Recognizing the dangers associated with alcohol use underlines the importance of raising awareness among these individuals about the repercussions of consuming alcohol. It is crucial to encourage them to seek healthier coping strategies to prevent potential complications and enhance the overall well-being of this vulnerable group.

Making Pregnancy Safer for Black Women

March 5, 2024 by GRAAHI Editorial

Dr. Natalie Hernandez-Green, Executive Director of the Morehouse School of Medicine Center for Maternal Health Equity, speaks with CNN about what’s being done to prevent more Black mothers from dying during or after pregnancy.

Dr. Natalie Hernandez-Green
Executive Director, MSM Center for Maternal Health Equity

By Martha Shade, CNN

ATLANTA — Kira Johnson was so excited to be a mother that she began planning her first son’s birthday party while still pregnant. The carnival-themed party she threw was epic: cake, cupcakes, and a movie poster she had printed up for the occasion.

Kira didn’t get to celebrate any birthday parties with her second son, Langston. She died hours after giving birth to him, suffering massive internal bleeding while her husband, Charles Johnson, pleaded for doctors to do something.

It’s a case so troubling it’s now taught as a cautionary tale in medical schools. And she’s just one of many.

Black women are three times more likely to die due to pregnancy than white women.

Poverty, lack of healthcare access, and obesity all play a part in the grim statistic, but that’s not the whole story; even rich, healthy, well-educated Black women face elevated risks giving birth.

Kira Johnson was a successful businesswoman, an athlete in good health, and she walked into the hospital with a supportive husband by her side.

Her life ended in the hospital, her husband says, after their pleas for help were ignored by doctors for almost 10 hours. And her husband walked out of the hospital a widow, with a newborn son in his arms.

As we celebrate Black History Month, here’s what’s being done to prevent more Black mothers from dying.

How Hospitals Can Help

Natalie Hernandez-Green, Executive Director of the Center for Maternal Health Equity at Morehouse School of Medicine, says she hears the same birthing stories over and over: Women who felt they were disrespected, whose concerns were dismissed and had birthing experiences that felt transactional and not relational.

“You want to be heard when you’re giving life. This should be the most amazing day of your life,” says Hernandez-Green.

The Center for Maternal Health Equity has partnered with local Atlanta hospitals to gather data about “Maternal Near-Misses” and see where the problems are.

Key to everything is listening to the patient, Hernandez-Green tells CNN.

“We want to respect that Black women’s voices are legitimate sources of data,” she says.

Beyond Morehouse School of Medicine’s commitment to training more Black doctors, one of the center’s approaches is to educate Patient Navigators to assist Black women, especially those who live in “maternal care deserts,” or areas without a lot of – or any — healthcare providers.

The Patient Navigators act as a bridge to doctors and other medical professionals.

They can connect women to providers – and Morehouse School of Medicine even vets those providers to make sure they provide good care to Black women.

The Patient Navigators then work alongside the pregnant woman from her first pre-natal visits to one year postpartum.

“The majority of pregnancy-related deaths happen in the postpartum period,” explains Hernandez-Green.

“More than 80% of these deaths are preventable. I always see opportunities. It’s not all gloom and doom, because there’s hope.”

Patient Navigators, Doulas, and Midwives

Heather Dobbs is a recent graduate of the MSM Patient Navigator program.

She had her own traumatic birth experience. Shortly after a scheduled c-section for her second child, she began to feel terrible. The anesthesiologist told her everything was fine, and she just needed fluids. Dobbs recovered briefly, then she says she began feeling “really awful” again. She said to herself: “I can’t die on this table without holding my daughter. Then I blacked out.”

When she woke up her husband, Michael, was by her side, crying. She had a port in her neck, where she had received an emergency transfusion. Doctors had performed a hysterectomy to save her life.

She was grateful to be alive but “later on, it sinks in that I was planning a larger family and now that’s not gonna happen.”

The experience made her want to help other women.

She thought about getting her nursing certification and becoming a midwife, but in the rural Georgia areas where she saw so much need, she would have had to work under an OB/GYN. And most of those areas didn’t even have doctors, so she decided to work both as a Patient Navigator and doula.

Although the roles can overlap, in general, a Patient Navigator helps patients find good care and advocates for them, while a doula actually helps a woman give birth. Many alumni of the Morehouse School of Medicine program, like Dobbs, choose to do both jobs. A midwife, in contrast, is usually a certified nurse.

As both a Patient Navigator and a doula, Dobbs follows women throughout their first year after childbirth, helping them handle the physical and mental health issues that can arise after childbirth.

April Witzel says she spent years as a labor and delivery nurse before becoming a midwife.

She has also catered to some of the most under-served parts of the state. She regularly sees women show up at the hospital right as they are about to give birth, without having had any pre-natal care, usually because they didn’t have insurance.

“I grew up poor. I’ve always thought everyone should be treated the same,” she says, explaining that her own life experience now informs much of what she does.

Witzel says she also wants to help address systemic issues that often keep Black women from accessing good care.

“When I got into healthcare, me being a Caucasian female working in a primarily African American community, I’d walk in and I’d see the look on their faces, and know they thought: ‘I don’t want her to look after me.’”

But after her patients got to know her and realized she was taking their concerns seriously, things changed.

“At the end of the day, women want to be heard, they want to trust their provider in the most vulnerable time of their lives.”

Many doctors are supportive of the additional help provided by midwives and doulas – as long as medical help is nearby when needed.

“I think there’s a place for birthing centers, midwives, doulas,” says Dr. Jocelyn Slaughter, an obstetrician and gynecologist.

“I love a good doula. I love a good midwife. Birthing centers are getting more safe; it’s good for patients that are low-risk,” says Dr. Slaughter.

CNN Anchor Abby Phillip recently opened up about why she opted for the combination of doula and a midwife when she gave birth during the pandemic. As she explained in a CNN editorial, she is a “a huge believer in modern medicine and someone who takes no unnecessary risks with my health” but she says she joined the growing group of Black women looking for more options.

Many women in the US often work all the way up until they give birth, usually in order to save up vacation days for after their child is born.

But Dr. Slaughter says that practice can be especially dangerous for Black women.

“I always say: ‘You know you’re not about to go on vacation, right?’”

“What if I told you in two weeks, you’re going to run a marathon, you’re going to give two pints of blood, and after the marathon we’re gonna wake you up every two hours?”

“Don’t you need a break before you go through this cardiac stress?” asks Dr. Slaughter.

Dr. Slaughter says she encourages her patients to take maternity leave by 37 weeks, to reduce their chances of developing conditions like pre-eclampsia, a condition that can be life-threatening.

“They’re working till the end, stressed out, feet swollen… so now they’re getting pre-eclampsia. I feel like my patients have a little lower rate of pre-eclampsia because I encourage them to start maternity leave by 37 weeks.”

While Dr. Slaughter is realistic that not everyone can afford to take that time off, she says when it’s possible, it can provide better outcomes for the mother and the baby.

Systemic Racism

Dr. Slaughter says people don’t like to talk about one of the main reasons Black women often receive inadequate care during and after pregnancy.

Slaughter says the lasting legacy of slavery and racism in the United States continues to affect Black women in all settings, including in health care.

“Because of that history, there are so many racial biases and so many socio-economic problems that women have had to fight through,” she says.

Dr. Slaughter says she believes Black women should be treated as more fragile than other women during pregnancy (and for the first year after they give birth).

“My piano teacher always told me being pregnant is like having one foot in the grave and one foot on a banana peel,” referring to all the potential perils of pregnancy.

“Black women in general have been looked at as these strong women… That’s all doctors; it’s not just white doctors. Black women are not stronger than others. They’re not.”

Dr. Slaughter says because of that misconception, doctors may miss cardiac issues happening in Black women.

The bottom line for Dr. Slaughter: “Black women need to be overly protected during pregnancy.”

How Doctors Can Help: Run That Extra Test

Dr. Slaughter also recommends medical providers remember that Black women’s bodies don’t always follow the rules in medicine “because the rules were not based upon their bodies.”

Many of the criteria for different medical diagnoses were based upon white men or white women.

“Blood pressure cut-offs, anemia levels, were not established with Black women in mind,” she says.

“I am not suggesting we get new criteria, but I do urge doctors to listen to Black pregnant women and err on the side of extreme caution when discharging or dismissing symptoms or complaints. Sometimes they know their bodies better than our medical school books.”

Kira’s Legacy

After his wife passed away, Charles Johnson pledged her death would not be in vain.

He has testified before Congress twice, helping to pass the Preventing Maternal Deaths Act in 2018 and then advocating for the Black Maternal Health Momnibus Act of 2021.

He still prints up a movie poster for each of his son’s birthdays. It’s a small nod to Kira, the family tradition she started, and the birthday parties she would have loved to have been planning for them.

Langston Johnson turned 7 last April. His dad threw him a big party with a Super Mario-themed birthday cake.

READ the article https://www.msm.edu/RSSFeedArticles/2024/February/Black-Maternal-Safety.php

GRAAHI Empowers Black Healthcare Students with Scholarships During Black History Month

February 21, 2024February 12, 2024 by GRAAHI Editorial

Program seeks to diversify the healthcare workforce in Grand Rapids

Grand Rapids, MI – February 21, 2024 –In celebration of Black History Month, the Grand Rapids African American Health Institute (GRAAHI) proudly announces the awarding of scholarships to nine deserving Black students pursuing healthcare careers. These scholarships, funded by the W.k.Kellogg Foundation are a crucial component of the organization’s multi-year Pathways to Healthcare Careers program. The scholarship program is named in honor of Dr. Khan Nedd, one of GRAAHI’s founding board members for his relentless dedication and contributions to GRAAHI and the health and well-being of the Black community.

Pathways to Healthcare Careers, in collaboration with educational and medical institutions, serves as a comprehensive program for underserved students to enter and excel in healthcare professions. Recognizing the financial barriers many students face, the scholarships add additional support, allowing them to focus on their studies and successfully navigate their chosen paths. Dr. Nedd emphasizes GRAAHI’s commitment: “We are dedicated to nurturing the next generation of Black healthcare professionals. These scholarships, combined with the Pathways program, address disparities in the healthcare workforce by empowering talented students and ensuring they have the resources to achieve their dreams of serving their communities.”

The nine scholarship recipients, selected for their academic achievements, community service dedication, and unwavering pursuit of healthcare careers, are:

Constance Phillips: Ferris State University, dental hygiene student.
Darron Trevino: Ferris State University, nursing student.
Tyona Brown: Ferris State University, dental hygiene student.
LaDonna Lewis: Davenport University, nursing student.
Kierra Washington: Grand Valley State University, exercise science student.
Sherie West: Davenport University, nursing student.
Zhaniya Robinson: Michigan State University, nursing student.
Todja Sanders: Ferris State University, healthcare career path.
Betty Millien: Davenport University, healthcare career path.
Samantha Harris, Davenport University, nursing student

Constance Phillips, a scholarship recipient, expresses her gratitude: “I am so grateful to

be a part of the Pathways program and to receive the Dr. Khan Nedd Scholarship. It

helps support my education so that I can focus on my studies and confidently pursue

my goal of becoming a dental hygienist and serving my community.”

“We are very proud of these students and excited about the service and contributions they will make to their communities,” added Vanessa Greene, CEO, GRAAHI.

To learn more about Pathways to Healthcare Careers, go to graahi.com/education.

Unlocking the Power of Mental Exercise: A Guide for African Americans with Sickle Cell Disease

October 26, 2023 by GRAAHI Editorial

Living with sickle cell disease can present unique challenges for African Americans. The physical symptoms and complications associated with the condition can take a toll on both the body and mind. While physical exercise is often emphasized for managing the disease, the power of mental exercise should not be overlooked. In this article, we will explore the importance of mental exercise for African Americans with sickle cell disease and how it can empower individuals to lead healthier and more fulfilling lives.

Benefits of mental exercise for African Americans with sickle cell disease

Mental exercise offers numerous benefits for individuals living with sickle cell disease. Firstly, it helps to alleviate stress and anxiety, which are common among sickle cell patients. By engaging in activities that require focus and concentration, individuals can experience a sense of calm and relaxation. Secondly, mental exercise can improve memory and

The importance of mental exercise for sickle cell patients

Sickle cell disease not only affects the physical well-being of individuals, but it can also impact their mental health. The constant pain, fatigue, and limitations can lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and depression. This is where mental exercise plays a crucial role. Engaging in activities that stimulate the mind, such as puzzles, reading, or learning new skills, can help divert attention from the physical discomfort and provide a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment. Mental exercise can improve cognitive function, boost mood, and enhance overall well-being for African Americans with sickle cell. Regular engagement in mentally stimulating activities can help sharpen the mind and promote mental agility. Lastly, mental exercise promotes a positive mindset and enhances overall well-being. It provides a sense of purpose and accomplishment, boosting self-esteem and confidence.

Types of mental exercises

There are various types of mental exercises that can be beneficial for African Americans with sickle cell. One popular option is solving puzzles, such as crosswords, Sudoku, or word searches. These activities challenge the brain and improve problem-solving skills. Another option is reading. Whether it’s books, magazines, or online articles, reading stimulates the mind. Learning new skills, such as playing a musical instrument, painting, or cooking, is also an excellent way to engage the mind and nurture creativity. Lastly, meditation and mindfulness exercises can help promote a sense of calm and well-being.

Incorporating mental exercise into daily routine

Incorporating mental exercise into the daily routine is crucial for sickle cell management. It is essential to set aside dedicated time for mental stimulation. This can be done by scheduling specific activities – at least one a day. Variety is key! Be adventurous in trying new things.

Effective mental exercises Tips:

Start with manageable activities: Begin with activities that are enjoyable and not too challenging. This will help build confidence and motivation.
Vary the activities: Engage in a variety of mental exercises to keep the mind stimulated and prevent boredom. Mix puzzles,
reading, and learning new skills for a well-rounded mental exercise routine.
Take breaks when needed: It is important to listen to the body and take breaks when necessary. Pushing through fatigue or pain can hinder the effectiveness of mental exercise..
Stay consistent: Consistency is key for reaping the benefits of mental exercise. Set realistic goals and commit to regular practice.

Empowering African Americans with sickle cell disease through mental exercise Mental exercise is a powerful tool for African Americans living with sickle cell disease. By engaging in activities that stimulate the mind, individuals can experience numerous benefits, including reduced stress, improved cognitive function, and enhanced overall well-being. It is crucial for sickle cell patients to incorporate mental exercise into their daily routines and seek support services that focus on mental health. By unlocking the power of mental exercise, African Americans with sickle cell can empower themselves to lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.

Resources and Support for mental exercise for African Americans with sickle cell disease Fortunately, there are various mental health resources available for sickle cell patients to address their unique needs. Mental health professionals, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, provide therapy, counseling, and psychiatric evaluations to help with emotional distress, depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions. Engaging in support groups tailored specifically for sickle cell patients can be immensely beneficial as they create a sense of community and understanding among individuals facing similar challenges. The internet has greatly expanded access to mental health resources and support, including virtual chats and forums. Many hospitals and medical centers now recognize the importance of mental health support for sickle cell patients and have integrated mental health services into their care plans.

Remember, it is crucial to prioritize mental health support alongside the physical aspect of sickle cell disease to ensure holistic and effective sickle cell care/management!

Pathways Program Update: College Tours & Hands-On Experiences Foster Curiosity in Healthcare Careers

October 30, 2023April 25, 2023 by GRAAHI Editorial

By Mikisha Plesco, Director of Education

This past 2022-2023 school year, the Grand Rapids African American Health Institute (GRAAHI) Pathways program has partnered with the Grand Rapids Public Schools (GRPS), University Preparatory Academy and Ottawa High School and colleges and universities to provide students who are interested in a healthcare track the opportunity to complete a college tour focusing on college/university health programs. The hands-on experience that students were able to garner from the college tour created a lifelong impact.

In October 2022, Grand Rapids Community College kicked off the college visits by having students walk through a series of lab simulations that include the following fields: medical assisting, nursing, and occupational therapy. Students were able to use healthcare equipment such as syringes, lab dummy patients, stethoscopes, and various therapy equipment. What was important about the GRCC visits were the personal journeys that were told by the health professionals regarding their healthcare journey.

In January 2023, Davenport University hosted a college visit that focused on health activities: nursing and research query. Students had a chance to interact with equipment as well as a data set and reviewed data mining tools. Students’ various activities for the data set reviewed the rudimentary data sets as well as complex data such as music playlists. The information provided was relatable to students and engaging. Davenport University provided a unique opportunity for the student nurse association to present as well as have a presentation on their admission process.

In March 2023, Ferris State University hosted a college visit that focused on nursing and dentistry. Students were able to walk through the history of dentistry, put teeth in a mold based on the anatomy of teeth, walked through a live dentist clinic, and interact in the nurse lab simulation space. The students had a chance to talk with a student and their experience of Ferris as well as hear about their various health programs.

The unique experience that each college/university sparked student comments of wanting to continue the learning opportunities, wanting to see more on the campus, and enjoying presentations by students. The real opportunity that the colleges and universities are providing to each student is the opportunity to be excited about attending and being a part of a community that supports them in a healthcare track as well as getting students comfortable with being on campus. Having a sense of familiarity on campus and seeing the culture of the campus in the healthcare programs helps students to reimagine themselves on campus and ignites a sense of belonging prior to attending college. GRAAHI is truly grateful to GRPS school administrators, participating colleges and universities, and students and families that have participated in these healthcare college tours. The tours are truly making a difference in the joint communities we serve. GRAAHI looks forward to next year as we continue the healthcare college tours with a Fall 2023 kickoff with Grand Valley State University.

To learn more about Pathways, go to graahi.com/education.

Get Your Heart Pumping and Move Your Body in this FREE Class.

February 17, 2023 by GRAAHI Editorial

GRAAHI and the Grand Rapids Black Nurses Association are hosting a FREE 40-minute community workout circuit at The Other Body Fitness Gym. During this event, you will learn how 30 minutes of exercise a day can help maintain a healthy weight, reduce stress levels, and decrease your chances of heart disease later in life.

The details for this event are :

Location: The Other Body Fitness Gym – 3949 28th Street SE Grand Rapids, MI 49512
Time: 3:00pm – 4:30pm
Services: Heart Healthy presentation followed by a 40 min circuit workout (for beginners). NO PRIOR WORKOUT EXPERIENCE NEEDED. All participants must be 18+ to participate.

Please note that this event has the capacity for 15 participants. We will review submissions on a first come first basis and will reach out to you once your spot is confirmed.

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfbtdRfVFmwW8lLb7kaGTFQBqBLQNZrpyMVoldCb_QGFkfoyQ/viewform

Seeing themselves in the doctor’s coat

February 16, 2023 by GRAAHI Editorial

Health Careers Club introduces elementary students of color to occupations

By Erin Albanese February 15, 2023 | School News Network

*Students engage in conversation and an activity arranging certain food on a plate with Kent County registered dietitians*

Third-grader Alfredo Rajas examined clues as to why people were falling ill with respiratory symptoms in Milwaukee and Chicago.

“Fifteen people have been visiting the emergency room and have been having trouble breathing lately,” he said, catching on quickly to the role of a health investigator. “They have fevers and other stuff that make them feel really bad.”

Brandi Berry, program supervisor for the Kent County Health Department, explained what that could mean.

“When you have more than three people with the same symptoms, you have the potential for an outbreak,” she said.

A group of Stocking Elementary students were playing a game with Berry to introduce them to careers in public health, one of several health care fields they are learning about this school year as part of Pathways to Healthcare Careers, a program offered by the Grand Rapids African American Health Institute.

*From left, students Janelle Whitley and Amarianna Richards listen to details of a simulated outbreak*

The game, Solve the Outbreak, on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, presents information and clues, and demonstrates how “disease detectives” investigate outbreaks.

“The Health Department helps everybody,” Berry told students. “We make sure that you have clean water, that the air is good. We make sure everybody gets their shots and that you’re healthy.”

‘We want students to see themselves in the doctor’s coat.’
— Stacey Baker, program coordinator for Grand Rapids African American Health Institute

But, she explained, some things that affect people’s health, like COVID-19, require investigation because they are dangerous. That is the role of a health investigator.

“Outbreaks happen in the world. We just had an outbreak – COVID. When something like that happens it can be very dangerous. We don’t want outbreaks.”

*Third-grader Alfredo Rajas talks through clues in the game ‘Solve the Outbreak’*

Brandi Berry, the program supervisor for the Kent County Health Department, introduces students to public health
careers.

Students spend an hour every Monday in Pathways and have learned about occupational therapy, phlebotomy, dietetics and nursing by meeting professionals and getting to see and touch equipment.

The goal is to expose children of color to health care careers while helping boost their academics, said Stacey Baker, program coordinator for GRAAHI.

“We want students to see themselves in the doctor’s coat or in the shoes of other health care professionals,” Baker said. “We want them to see a variety of health care occupations to grow and expand their knowledge base.”

People of color are drastically under-represented within the healthcare field, he said. According to 2017 and 2019 data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the National Center for Health Workforce Analysis, whites make up the majority of the U.S. medical workforce, at 64.4 percent; compared to Hispanics, at 16.1 percent; Blacks or African Americans, at 11.6 percent; and Asians, at 5.3 percent.

Having people of color in healthcare professions improves outcomes as well, Baker said. “Studies have found that when patients of color see health care workers of color they tend to do better in terms of their health overall.

Pathways pairs academic tutoring in reading and math — through Sylvan Learning — with the career presentations, equipping students with academic skills to eventually pursue careers. Baker said that’s an important piece to the program.

“They need to be academically proficient in terms of the sciences.”

The program is also offered at Grand Rapids University Preparatory Academy, a middle and high school, and Ottawa Hills High School. Along with seeing health care professionals in action, the high school program involves tours of college campuses and program visits.

*Donovan Jones takes part in the investigation*

Inspiring Young People

By using their sleuthing skills in the game, Stocking students figured out that the outbreak was caused by anthrax. A musician who visited Africa had returned with the deadly bacteria on his drums. When he played at a concert in Chicago, beating the drums caused the anthrax spores to disperse in the air and infect the audience.

Alfredo enjoyed the investigation and said he’d like to be a health investigator one day.

“The research — you get to find out clues — it’s like a scavenger hunt,” he said. “I want to keep the community safe and I don’t want anyone to get a bad illness.”

Learn more about Pathways at graahi.com/education.

Grant expands GRAAHI’s power to eliminate health disparities

February 2, 2023 by GRAAHI Editorial

ESTELLE SLOOTMAKER | MONDAY, JANUARY 30, 2023

Thanks to a $1 million American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) grant awarded by Kent County, the Grand Rapids African American Health Institute (GRAAHI) will expand and enhance programming aimed at reducing health disparities within the county’s BIPOC communities. Founded in 2002 in reaction to a Kent County Health Department community needs assessment, the grassroots organization has leveraged community input and collaborations with other organizations to address disturbing racial disparities in maternal and infant mortality, diabetes, access to mental and medical health care and more.

“That survey showed daunting, glaring disparities — more than the community had anticipated,” says Vanessa Greene, GRAAHI CEO. “Disparities are not just a result of treatment experiences. Eighty percent of health disparities are a result of social determinants — where people live, which determines where they go to school, and then that determines their ability to access resources and higher education, which then informs what type of job they’re going to get. The type of employment determines what type of health insurance that they have.”

Some of the grant money will help fund GRAAHI’s health navigator programs, which focus on maternal infant health and mental health. GRAAHI’s mental health navigators aim to connect at least 500 African Americans with mental health services to address needs exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Navigators working with expectant mothers aim to reduce BIPOC maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. A 2020 Kent County Community Needs Assessment found that nearly twice as many Black babies here died in their first year of life than white babies (8.1 per 1,000 compared to 4.5 per 1,000 live births). Similar disparities exist across the U.S. Research has determined that racism-induced stress is a major root cause.

“We still have mothers who are not highly engaged in prenatal care, who don’t have the comfort level [with their provider],” Greene says. “Community health navigators help them through that process and walk alongside them. We want to be really intentional about supporting pregnant women and making sure that they understand every stage of their pregnancy and have the resources to help them navigate that process.”

The grant will also expand GRAAHI’s Pathways to Healthcare Careers program, which seeks to increase underrepresented students in health care professions.
Launched in Grand Rapids Public Schools in fall 2022 at Stocking Elementary and UPrep Middle and High Schools, Pathways connects educators, healthcare professionals, academic tutors and mentors with students during after-school sessions. Additional Pathways pilot programs are being developed with Grand Rapids Community College, Davenport University, Ferris State University, Michigan State University and Grand Valley State University as well as with three Grand Rapids area hospitals — Spectrum Health Butterworth, Trinity Health Saint Mary’s and University of Michigan Health-West.

“When people come in, it’s important for them to see faces that look like them,” Greene says. “Having increasing diversity in the health care sector is important for [those working in health care to understand] how cultural relevance and affirming treatment impacts the overall attitude and trust level of the patient. The other factor, COVID, created a lot of shifts in terms of people leaving the health care system. There’s a shortage in almost every [health care] field.”

GRAAHI also plans on expanding its Restoring Health program that serves Kent County’s older adults who were adversely impacted by COVID-19 and now face deteriorating health due to chronic conditions, poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, or social isolation. In addition, GRAAHI plans to enlist more than 100 repeat blood donors to help sickle cell patients survive that disease, which is prominent within the Black community.

“We’re nowhere close to achieving all of our goals, but we are really excited about the strides that we’re making and the systems that we have in place,” Greene concludes. “We do anticipate seeing even greater results and impact with this funding we’re receiving from the county.”

Written by Estelle Slootmaker, Development News Editor
Photos courtesy GRAAHI

Article is copied from Rapid Growth Media – https://www.rapidgrowthmedia.com/devnews/0130graahi.aspx